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ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿Í
ÆÇµµ¶ó
(PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch |
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CHAPTER II
PROMETHEUS AND PANDORA
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Á¦
2 Àå
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿Í ÆÇµµ¶ó
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THE creation of the world is a problem naturally fitted to excite
the liveliest interest of man, its inhabitant. The ancient pagans, not
having the information on the subject which we derive from the pages
of Scripture, had their own way of telling the story, which is as
follows:
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¼¼°è âÁ¶´Â ±× ÁÖ¹ÎÀÎ Àΰ£ÀÇ °¡Àå »ý»ýÇÑ Èï¹Ì¸¦ÀÚ±ØÇϱ⿡
ÀÚ¿¬½º·¯ÀÌ °®Ãß¾îÁø ¹®Á¦´Ù. °í´ëÀÇ À̱³µµµéÀº ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¿ì¸®°¡
¼º¼ÀÇÆäÀÌÁöµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°Àº Áö½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×µéÀº ±×µé ³ª¸§´ë·Î ¼¼°è âÁ¶ÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ÀüÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Before earth and sea and heaven were created, all things wore one
aspect, to which we give the name of Chaos - a confused and shapeless
mass, nothing but dead weight, in which, however, slumbered the
seeds of things. Earth, sea, and air were all mixed up together; so
the earth was not solid, the sea was not fluid, and the air was not
transparent. God and Nature at last interposed, and put an end to this
discord, separating earth from sea, and heaven from both. The fiery
part, being the lightest, sprang up, and formed the skies; the air was
next in weight and place. The earth, being heavier, sank below; and
the water took the lowest place, and buoyed up the earth.
[see also: Myths of Creation]
[see also: What does a Creation Myth Do?]
[see also: Creation Myths - Images]
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¶¥°ú ¹Ù´Ù¿Í ÇÏ´ÃÀÌ Ã¢Á¶µÇ±â Àü¿¡´Â ¸¸¹°Àº ´Ù °°Àº ¸ð¾çÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¿ì¸®´Â À̰ÍÀ»
Ä«¿À½º¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ Ä«¿À½º´Â ÇüÅ ¾ø´Â È¥µ·ÀÇ µ¢¾î¸®¿ä,
Àû¸·°°Àº ¹«°Ô¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ±× ¼Ó¿¡´Â ¿©·¯ »ç¹°µéÀÇ ¾¾°¡ ÀáÀÚ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Áï, ¶¥°ú ¹Ù´Ù¿Í °ø±â°¡ ÇÑ µ¥ È¥ÇյǾî ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§¸¸ ÇØµµ ¶¥Àº °íü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ù´Ù´Â ¾×ü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú°í °ø±â´Â Åõ¸íÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ½Å°ú ÀÚ¿¬ÀÌ °³ÀÔÇÏ¿© ¶¥À» ¹Ù´Ù¿Í ºÐ¸®Çϰí ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ¾çÀÚ¿Í ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ÀÌ È¥µ·À» ³¡³ª°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¶§ Ÿ¿À¸£´ø ºÎºÐÀÌ °¡Àå °¡º¿ü±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ³¯¾Æ¿Ã¶ó°¡ ÇÏ´ÃÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ø±â´Â ¹«°Ô¿Í Àå¼Ò¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ±× ´ÙÀ½À» Â÷ÁöÇß´Ù. ¶¥Àº À̵麸´Ùµµ ¹«°Å¿ü±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ØÀ» °¡¶ó¾É¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹°ÀÌ Á¦ÀÏ ³·Àº °÷À¸·Î ³»·Á°¡ À°Áö¸¦ ¶ß°Ô Çß´Ù.
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Here some god - it is not known which - gave his good offices in
arranging and disposing the earth. He appointed rivers and bays
their places, raised mountains, scooped out valleys, distributed
woods, fountains, fertile fields. and stony plains. The air being
cleared, the stars began to appear, fishes took possession of the sea,
birds of the air, and four-footed beasts of the land.
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À̶§ ¾î¶² ½ÅÀÌ-±×°ÍÀÌ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸-
À°Áö¸¦ Á¤¸®ÇÏ°í ¹è¿ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¿½ÉÈ÷ Çß´Ù. ±×´Â °°ú ¸¸¿¡ ±× Àå¼Ò¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϰí, »êÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í °ñÂ¥±â¸¦ ÆÄ°í,½£°ú »ù°ú ºñ¿ÁÇÑ ³í¹ç°ú µ¹ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¹úÆÇÀ»
¹èÄ¡Çß´Ù. °ø±â°¡ û¸íÇÏ°Ô µÇÀÚ, º°µéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í °í±â´Â ¹Ù´Ù¸¦, »õ´Â °øÁßÀ», ³× ¹ß Áü½ÂÀº À°Áö¸¦ °¢±â Á¦°ÍÀ¸·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù.
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But a nobler animal was wanted, and Man was made. It is not known
whether the creator made him of divine materials, or whether in the
earth, so lately separated from heaven, there lurked still some
heavenly seeds. Prometheus took some of this earth, and kneading it up
with water, made man in the image of the gods. He gave him an
upright stature, so that while all other animals turn their faces
downward, and look to the earth, he raises his to heaven, and gazes on
the stars.
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±×·¯³ª °í±ÍÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿© Àΰ£ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù.
Á¶¹°ÁÖ°¡ ½ÅÀûÀÎ Àç·á¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷À»
¸¸µé¾ú´ÂÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Çϴÿ¡¼ ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î,
¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾à°£ÀÇ ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ¾¾¾ÑÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÀáÀçÇϰí
ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö´Â ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺´Â ÀÌ ´ëÁö¿¡¼ ÈëÀ» Á¶±Ý ¶¼¾î³»¾î ¹°·Î ¹ÝÁ×ÇÏ¿© Àΰ£À» ½ÅÀÇ Çü»ó°ú °°ÀÌ
¸¸µé¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¼ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×·¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç
µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ¾ó±¼À» ¾Æ·¡·Î Çϰí, ¶¥¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÒ ¶§,
»ç¶÷Àº ¾ó±¼À» ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ÇâÇØ µé°í, º°µéÀ» ¹Ù¶ó
º¸¾Ò´Ù.
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Prometheus was one of the
Titans,
a gigantic race, who inhabited the
earth before the creation of man. To him and his brother Epimetheus
was committed the office of making man, and providing him and all
other animals with the faculties necessary for their preservation.
Epimetheus undertook to do this, and
Prometheus was to overlook his
work, when it was done. Epimetheus accordingly proceeded to bestow
upon the different animals the various gifts of courage, strength,
swiftness, sagacity; wings to one, claws to another, a shelly covering
to a third, etc. But when man came to be provided for, who was to be
superior to all other animals, Epimetheus had been so prodigal of
his resources that he had nothing left to bestow upon him. In his
perplexity he resorted to his brother Prometheus, who, with the aid of
Minerva (Athena),
went up to heaven, and lighted his torch at the chariot of
the sun. and brought down fire to man. With this gift man was more
than a match for all other animals. It enabled him to make weapons
wherewith to subdue them; tools with which to cultivate the earth;
to warm his dwelling, so as to be comparatively independent of
climate; and finally to introduce the arts and to coin money, the
means of trade and commerce. [see also: Family Tree - Prometheus]
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ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ Ã¢Á¶µÇ±â Àü¿¡ Áö»ó¿¡
°ÅÁÖÇϰí ÀÖ´ø °ÅÀÎÁ·ÀΠƼźÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿»ýÀÎ ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺¿¡°Ô Àΰ£À» ¸¸µé°Å³ª, Àΰ£°ú ±×¹ÛÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°µé¿¡°Ô ±×µéÀÌ »ì¾Æ°¡´Â µ¥¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ´É·ÂÀ» Áְųª ÇÏ´Â
ÀÏÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺°¡ ÀÌ ÀÏ¿¡ Âø¼öÇÏ¿´°í,
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺´Â ÀÌ ÀÏÀÌ ´Ù µÇ¸é ±×°ÍÀ» °¨µ¶Çϱâ·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺´Â »óÀÌÇÑ µ¿¹°µé¿¡°Ô ¿ë±â.Èû.¼Óµµ.ÁöÇý µî ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¼±¹°À» Áֱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù; ¾î¶² ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ³¯°³¸¦,
´Ù¸¥ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ¹ßÅéÀ» ÁÖ°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ¸öÀ» µ¤´Â ÆÐ°¢À» ÁÖ´Â µûÀ§¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¹°ÀÇ ¿µÀåÀÌ µÉ
Àΰ£ÀÇ Â÷·Ê°¡ ¿ÀÀÚ ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺´Â ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ±×ÀÇ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¸ù¶¥ ÅÁÁøÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î Àΰ£¿¡°Ô´Â ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ´çȲÇÑ ±×´Â ÇüÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿¡°Ô ´Þ·Á°¡
µµ¿òÀ» ûÇß°í, ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺´Â ¾ÆÅ׳ªÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ Çϴ÷Π¿Ã¶ó°¡¼ ±×ÀÇ
ȶ´ë¿¡´Ù žçÀÇ ÀÌ·ûÂ÷¿¡¼ ºÒÀ» ¿Å°Ü ºÙ¿©, ±× ºÒÀ» Àΰ£¿¡°Ô·Î °¡Áö°í ³»·Á¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ ¼±¹° ´öÅÃÀ¸·Î Àΰ£Àº ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°º¸´Ù ¿ùµîÇÑ Á¸Àç°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ºÒÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ ±×¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ µ¿¹°À» Á¤º¹ÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ¹«±â¿Í, ÅäÁö¸¦ °æÀÛÇÒ ¿¬ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô
ÇÏ¿´°í, ºñ±³Àû ±âÈķκÎÅÍ µ¶¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï
±×ÀÇ °Åó¸¦ µ¥¿ï ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Ä§³»,
¿¹¼úÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í, ±³¿ª°ú »ó¾÷ÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀÎ µ·À»
Âï¾î ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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Woman was not yet made. The story (absurd enough!) is that Jupiter (Zeus)
made her, and sent her to
Prometheus and his brother, to punish them
for their presumption in stealing fire from heaven; and man, for
accepting the gift. The first woman was named Pandora.
She was made in heaven, every god contributing something to perfect her. Venus gave
her beauty, Mercury persuasion, Apollo music, etc. Thus equipped,
she was conveyed to earth, and presented to Epimetheus, who gladly
accepted her, though cautioned by his brother to beware of Jupiter and
his gifts. |
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¿©ÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¸¸µé¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ»óÇÑ À̾߱âÁö¸¸,
ÁêÇÇÅÍ(Á¦¿ì½º)°¡ ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î¼
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿Í ±×ÀÇ µ¿»ý¿¡°Ô º¸³Â´Ù´Â
°ÍÀ̸ç, ±×µéÀÌ Çϴ÷κÎÅÍ ºÒÀ» ÈÉÃÆ´Ù´Â
ÁÖÁ¦³ÑÀº Áþ¿¡ ´ëÇØ, Àΰ£¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â ±× ¼±¹°À»
¹Þ¾ÒÀº °ÍÀ» ¹úÇϱâ À§Çؼ¿´´Ù. ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ¿©ÀÚ´Â
ÆÇµµ¶ó¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×³â´À Çϴÿ¡¼ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Âµ¥, ±×³à¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¢ ½ÅÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¾à°£¾¿ ±â¿©ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ºñ³Ê½º´Â ¹Ì¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í
¸Þ¸£Äí¸®¿ì½º´Â ¼³µæ·ÂÀ», ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº À½¾Ç¡¦.µîÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ
ÁغñµÈ ÆÇµµ¶ó´Â Áö»óÀ¸·Î¿Å°ÜÁ® ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺¿¡°Ô
ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ÇüÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺·ÎºÎÅÍ
ÁêÇÇÅÍ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¼±¹°À» °æ°èÇ϶ó´Â ÁÖÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ±×³à¸¦ ±â²¨ÀÌ ¾Æ³»·Î ¸Â¾Æµé¿´´Ù. |
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Epimetheus had in his house a jar, in which were kept
certain noxious articles for which, in fitting man for his new
abode, he had had no occasion. Pandora was seized with an eager
curiosity to know what this jar contained; and one day she slipped off
the cover and looked in. [image:28K (J.W. Waterhouse)] Forthwith there escaped a multitude of
plagues for hapless man,- such as gout, rheumatism, and colic for
his body, and envy, spite, and revenge for his mind,- and scattered
themselves far and wide. Pandora hastened to replace the lid! but,
alas! the whole contents of the jar had escaped, one thing only
excepted, which lay at the bottom, and that was hope. So we see at
this day, whatever evils are abroad, hope never entirely leaves us;
and while we have that, no amount of other ills can make us completely
wretched.
[see also: Hesiod's Works and Days]
[see also: Zeus Outwits Prometheus - Hesiod's Theogony]
[see image 117K: Eva Prima Pandora - painting by Jean Cousin the Elder (1490-1561)]
[see image 91K: Pandora (1869) - chalk study by Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)]
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¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺´Â ±×ÀÇ Áý¿¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ
´ÜÁö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±× ¼Ó¿¡´Â ¾î¶² ÇØ·Î¿î ¹°°ÇÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀº, Àΰ£¿¡°Ô »õ·Î¿î ÁְŸ¦ ¸¸µé¾î ÁÙ ¶§,
»ç¿ëÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ÆÇµµ¶ó´Â ÀÌ ´ÜÁö ¼Ó¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö
¾Ë°í ½ÍÀº °·ÄÇÑ È£±â½É¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇû´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¾î´À ³¯ ±×³à´Â
´ÜÁö ¶Ñ²±À» ¹Ð°í µé¿©´Ùº¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ °ð ºÒ¿îÇÑ Àΰ£À» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â ¹«¼öÇÑ Àç¾×ÀÌ ±× ¼ÓÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Þ¾Æ³µ´Ù-À̸¦Å׸é À°Ã¼¸¦ ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â Åëdz.·ù¸ÓƼÁò.º¹Åë µîÀ̰í Á¤½ÅÀ» ±«·ÓÈ÷´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î´Â ÁúÅõ.¿øÇÑ.º¹¼ö µî-±×¸®°í »ç¹æ ÆÈ¹æÀ»
Èð¾îÁ® °¬´Ù. ÆÇµµ¶ó´Â Ȳ±ÞÈ÷ ¶Ñ²±À» Á¦ÀÚ¸®¿¡
µÎ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ¹Ì ´ÜÁö ¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´ø °ÍÀº ´Ù ³¯¾Æ°¡°í, ¿ÀÁ÷ Çϳª¸¸ÀÌ
¿¹¿Ü·Î, ¸Ç ¹Ø¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº Èñ¸ÁÀ̾ú´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸µíÀÌ, ¾Æ¹«¸® ¾ÇÀÌ
¸¸¿¬Çصµ, Èñ¸ÁÀº °áÄÚ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ö¸®Áö
¾Ê´Â´Ù; ±×¸®°í Èñ¸ÁÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ
¾ÆÇĵµ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºñÂüÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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Another
story is that Pandora was sent in good faith, by Jupiter, to bless
man; that she was furnished with a box containing her marriage
presents, into which every god had put some blessing, She opened the
box incautiously, and the blessings all escaped, hope only excepted.
This story seems more probable than the former; for how could hope,
so precious a jewel as it is, have been kept in a jar full of all
manner of evils, as in the former statement?
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´Ù¸¥ À̾߱⿡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ÆÇµµ¶ó´Â ÁêÇÇÅÍÀÇ È£ÀÇ·Î Àΰ£À» ÃູÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© º¸³»Á³´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÇµµ¶ó´Â ±×³àÀÇ °áÈ¥À» ÃູÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿©·¯ ½ÅÀÌ ¼±»çÇÑ ¹°°ÇÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â »óÀÚ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×³à°¡ ¹«½ÉÄÚ ±× »óÀÚ¸¦ ¿¾ú´õ´Ï ¼±¹°ÀÌ ´Ù ´Þ¾Æ³µ´Âµ¥, ¿ÀÁ÷ Èñ¸Á¸¸ÀÌ ³²¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ À̾߱Ⱑ ¾Õ¼ÀÇ À̾߱⺸´Ù ´õ Áø½Ç¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé
¾î¶»°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀ̶õ ¸Å¿ì °ªºñ½Ñ º¸¼®°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÌ, ¾Õ¼ÀÇ À̾߱âó·³, ¸ðµç Àç³À¸·Î Ãæ¸¸µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â »óÀÚ ¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î
ÀÖ¾úÀ»±î?
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The
world being thus furnished with inhabitants, the first age was an
age of innocence and happiness, called the Golden Age. Truth and
right prevailed, though not enforced by law, nor was there any
magistrate to threaten or punish. The forest had not yet been robbed
of its trees to furnish timbers for vessels, nor had men built
fortifications round their towns. There were no such things as
swords, spears, or helmets. The earth brought forth all things
necessary for man, without his labour in ploughing or sowing,
Perpetual spring reigned, flowers sprang up without seed, the rivers
flowed with milk and wine, and yellow honey distilled from the oaks.
[image:42K]
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ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇØ¼ ¼¼°è¿¡ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ »ì°Ô µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ½Ã´ë´Â Á˾ÇÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇູÇÑ ½Ã´ë·Î¼,
Ȳ±Ý½Ã´ë¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ¹ý·üÀ̶ó´Â °Á¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê°íµµ Áø¸®¿Í Á¤Àǰ¡ ÇàÇØÁ³°í À§ÇùÇϰųª ¹úÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ü¸®µµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±× ¹«·Æ¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¹è¸¦ ¸¸µé±â À§ÇÑ ¸ñÀ縦 ¾ò±â À§ÇÏ¿© »ê¸²ÀÌ
Çæ¹þ°ÜÁö´Â Àϵµ ¾ø¾ú°í ¸¶À»ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ¼º°ûÀ» ½×´Â Àϵµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Ä®À̳ª âÀ̳ª Åõ±¸ °°Àº °Íµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´ëÁö´Â Àΰ£ÀÌ ¹çÀ» °¥°í ¾¾¸¦ »Ñ¸®¸ç
³ëµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ Àΰ£¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
Á¦°øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³¡¾ø´Â º½ÀÌ Áö¹èÇÏ¿´°í, ²ÉÀº ¾¾°¡
¾ø¾îµµ ¼Ú¾Æ ³µ°í, °¿¡´Â ¿ìÀ¯¿Í ¼ú°ú ´õºÒ¾î È帣°í,
³ë¿À¶õ ²ÜÀº ¶±°¥³ª¹«¿¡¼ ÃßÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù.
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Then
succeeded the Silver Age,
inferior to the golden, but better than that of brass. Jupiter
shortened the spring, and divided the year into seasons. Then,
first, men had to endure the extremes of heat and cold, and houses
became necessary. Caves were the first dwellings, and leafy coverts
of the woods, and huts woven of twigs. Crops would no longer grow
without planting. The farmer was obliged to sow the seed, and the
toiling ox to draw the plough.
[image:41K]
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´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ÀºÀÇ
½Ã´ë°¡ À̾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â Ȳ±Ý½Ã´ë¸¸Àº ¸øÇßÁö¸¸,
ûµ¿½Ã´ë º¸´Ù´Â ³ª¾Ò´Ù.
ÁêÇÇÅÍ´Â º½À» ´ÜÃàÇϰí ÀÏ ³âÀ» °èÀýµé·Î ³ª´©¾ú´Ù. ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ Àΰ£Àº
Áöµ¶ÇÑ ÃßÀ§¿Í ´õÀ§¸¦ Âü°í °ßµ®¾ß¸¸ Çß°í, ºñ·Î¼Ò °¡¿ÁÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. µ¿±¼ÀÌ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÁÖ°Å¿´°í, ½£¼ÓÀÇ ³ª¹µÀÙÀ¸·Î µ¤ÀÎ
Àº½Åó, ±×¸®°í ³ª¹µ°¡Áö·Î ¿«¾î ¸¸µç ¿ÀµÎ¸·ÁýÀ¸·Î ÁְŰ¡ ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ³óÀÛ¹°µµ Àç¹èÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÀÚ¶óÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ³óºÎ´Â ¾¾¸¦ »Ñ¸®Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç,
¼ö°íÇÏ´Â ¼Ò´Â Àï±â¸¦ ²ø¾î¾ß Çß´Ù.
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Next
came the Brazen Age,
more savage of temper, and readier to the strife of arms, yet not
altogether wicked. The hardest and worst was the Iron Age.
Crime burst in like a flood; modesty, truth, and honour fled. In
their places came fraud and cunning, violence, and the wicked love
of gain. Then seamen spread sails to the wind, and the trees were
torn from the mountains to serve for keels to ships, and vex the
face of the ocean. The earth, which till now had been cultivated in
common, began to be divided off into possessions. Men were not
satisfied with what the surface produced, but must dig into its
bowels, and draw forth from thence the ores of metals. Mischievous
iron, and more mischievous gold, were produced.
[image:45K] War sprang
up, using both as weapons; the guest was not safe in his friend's
house; and sons-in-law and fathers-in-law, brothers and sisters,
husbands and wives, could not trust one another. Sons wished their
fathers dead, that they might come to the inheritance; family love
lay prostrate. The earth was wet with slaughter, and the gods
abandoned it, one by one, till Astraea*
alone was left, and finally she also took her departure. [image:41K]
[see source: Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book I, The Four Ages, lines 120 - 215]
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´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ûµ¿½Ã´ë°¡ ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ½Ã´ë´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ±âÁúÀÌ Àü½Ã´ëº¸´Ù ÈξÀ °ÅÄ£ ½Ã´ë¿´°í, °ÉÇÍÇÏ¸é ¹«±â¸¦ µé°í ½Î¿ì·Á´Â ½Ã´ë¿´´Ù.±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ±×Åä·Ï »ç¾ÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °¡Àå ¹«¼·°í ³ª»Û ½Ã´ë´Â
ö½Ã´ë¿´´Ù. Á˾ÇÀº È«¼öó·³ ³ÑÃÄÈê·¶°í, °â¾ç°ú Áø½Ç°ú ¸í¿¹µµ
µµ¸Á°¡¹ö·È´Ù. ±× ´ë½Å »ç±â¿Í °£»çÇÔ, Æø·Â°ú »ç¾ÇÇÑ
ÀÌ¿åÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¹î»ç¶÷Àº ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ µÀÀ» ´Þ°í, ¼ö¸ñÀº »ê¿¡¼ ¹úäµÇ¾î ¹èÀÇ ¿ë°ñÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ´ë¾çÀÇ
¾ó±¼À» ¼º°¡½Ã°Ô ±¼¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö´Â °øµ¿À¸·Î °æÀ۵Ǵø ¶¥ÀÌ ºÐÇÒµÇ¾î »çÀ¯ Àç»êÀÌ µÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶¥ÀÇ Ç¥¸é¿¡¼ »êÃâµÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ±×
³»ºÎ±îÁö ÆÄ¼ ±¤¹°À» ²ôÁý¾î³»Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿© À¯ÇØÇÑ
ö°ú ´õ¿í À¯ÇØÇÑ ±ÝÀÌ »êÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. ö°ú ±ÝÀ» ¹«±â·Î ÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù.°´Àº ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸ÀÇ Áý¿¡ À־ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. »çÀ§¿Í ÀåÀÎ, ÇüÁ¦¿Í ÀÚ¸Å, ³²Æí°ú ¾Æ³»´Â ¼·Î ¹ÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀڽĵéÀº Àç»êÀ» »ó¼Ó¹Þ±â À§ÇÏ¿© ºÎÄ£ÀÌ Áױ⸦ ¹Ù¶ú´Ù. °¡Á·ÀÇ »ç¶ûµµ ¶¥¿¡ ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ´ëÁö´Â »ìÀ°ÀÇ ÇÇ·Î ¹°µé¾ú°í ½ÅµéÀº ÇϳªÇϳª ´ëÁö¸¦ Àú¹ö·È´Âµ¥,
¾Æ½ºÆ®¶óÀ̾Ƹ¸ÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù°¡ ¸¶Ä§³» ÀÌ ¿©½Å¸¶Àú ¶°³ª ¹ö·È´Ù.
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*
The goddess of innocence and purity. After leaving earth, she was
placed among the stars, where she became the constellation
Virgo - the Virgin.
Themis
(Justice) was the mother of Astraea. She is represented as holding
aloft a pair of scales, in which she weighs the claims of opposing
parties.
It was a favourite idea of the old poets
that these goddesses would one day return, and bring back the Golden
Age. Even in a Christian hymn, the "Messiah" of Pope,
this idea occurs:
"All crimes shall cease, and ancient fraud shall fail,
Returning Justice lift aloft her scale,
Peace o'er the world her olive wand extend,
And white-robed Innocence from heaven descend."
See, also, Milton's "Hymn on the Nativity," stanzas xiv. and xv.
¡¡
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°á¹é°ú
¼ø°áÇÔÀÇ ¿©½Å. ±×³à´Â Áö±¸¸¦ ¶°³ª¼ º°µé »çÀÌ¿¡
³õ¿©¼ ó³àº°ÀÚ¸®°¡
µÇ¾ú´Ù - ó³àÀÚ¸® Å׹̽º(Á¤ÀÇ)°¡
±×³àÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿´´Ù. ±×³à´Â ³ôÀÌ ÃµÆòÀ» µé°í¼,
¹Ý¸ñÇÏ´Â »ó´ëÀÇ ÁÖÀåµéÀ» Àú¿ïÁúÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÌµé ¿©½ÅµéÀÌ ¾î´À ³¯ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼, Ȳ±Ý½Ã´ë¸¦ ´Ù½Ã
°¡Á®¿Ã °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ¿¾³¯
½ÃÀεéÀÌ Áñ±â´Â »ç»óÀ̾ú´Ù . ½ÉÁö¾î ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ
Âù¼Û°¡, Æ÷¿óÀÇ
"¸Þ½Ã¾Æ"¿¡¼µµ ÀÌ »ç»óÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù:
"¸ðµç
¹üÁ˰¡ Áߴܵǰí, ¹¬Àº »ç±âµµ ½ÇÆÐÇϸç,
µ¹¾Æ¿Â Á¤Àǰ¡ ±×³àÀÇ Àú¿ïÀ» ³ôÀÌ µé¾î
¿Ã¸®°í
¼¼»ó¿¡ Æòȸ¦ ±×³àÀÇ ¿Ã¸®ºê ÁöÆÎÀ̰¡ ÆîÄ¡°í
ÇÏ¾á ¿ÊÀÇ °á¹éÇÔÀÌ Çϴÿ¡¼ ³»·Á ¿Àµµ´Ù.
¡¡
¶ÇÇÑ,
¹ÐưÀÇ
"ź»ýÀÇ Âù°¡", ½ºÅºÀÚ xiv. and
xv¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó
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Jupiter, seeing this
state of things, burned with anger. He summoned the gods to council.
They obeyed the call, and took the road to the palace of heaven. The
road, which any one may see in a clear night, stretches across the
face of the sky, and is called the Milky Way. Along the road stand
the palaces of the illustrious gods; the common people of the skies
live apart, on either side.
Jupiter addressed the assembly. He set
forth the frightful condition of things on the earth, and closed by
announcing his intention to destroy the whole of its inhabitants,
and provide a new race, unlike the first, who would be more worthy
of life, and much better worshippers of the gods. So saying he took
a thunderbolt, and was about to launch it at the world, and destroy
it by burning; but recollecting the danger that such a conflagration
might set heaven itself on fire, he changed his plan, and resolved
to drown it.
The north wind,
which scatters the clouds, was chained up; the south
was sent out, and soon covered all the face of heaven with a cloak
of pitchy darkness. The clouds, driven together, resound with a
crash; torrents of rain fall; the crops are laid low; the year's
labour of the husbandman perishes in an hour. Jupiter, not satisfied
with his own waters, calls on his brother Neptune (Poseidon)
to aid him with his. He lets loose the rivers, and pours them over
the land. At the same time, he heaves the land with an earthquake,
and brings in the reflux of the ocean over the shores. Flocks,
herds, men, and houses are swept away, and temples, with their
sacred enclosures, profaned. If any edifice remained standing, it
was overwhelmed, and its turrets lay hid beneath the waves.
Now all
was sea, sea without shore. Here and there an individual remained on
a projecting hilltop, and a few, in boats, pulled the oar where they
had lately driven the plough.
The fishes swim among the tree-tops;
the anchor is let down into a garden. Where the graceful lambs
played but now unwieldy sea calves gambol. The wolf swims among the
sheep, the yellow lions and tigers struggle in the water. The
strength of the wild boar serves him not, nor his swiftness the
stag. The birds fall with weary win, into the water, having found no
land for a resting-place. Those living beings whom the water spared
fell a prey to hunger. [image:36K]
[see source: Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book I, The Deluge, lines 333 - 433]
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Çϴóª¶óÀÇ ÀÏ¹Ý ¼¹ÎµéÀº ±æ ¾çÂÊ¿¡¼ ÈξÀ ¶³¾îÁ®¼ »ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
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Parnassus alone, of all
the mountains, overtopped the waves; and there Deucalion, and his
wife Pyrrha, of the race of Prometheus, found refuge- he a just man,
and she a faithful worshipper of the gods. Jupiter, when he saw none
left alive but this pair, and remembered their harmless lives and
pious demeanour, ordered the north winds to drive away the clouds,
and disclose the skies to earth, and earth to the skies. Neptune
also directed Triton to blow on his shell, and sound a retreat to
the waters. The waters obeyed, and the sea returned to its shores,
and the rivers to their channels.
Then Deucalion thus addressed
Pyrrha: "O wife, only surviving woman, joined to me first by
the ties of kindred and marriage, and now by a common danger, would
that we possessed the power of our ancestor
Prometheus, and could renew the race as he at first made it! But as we
cannot, let us seek yonder temple, and inquire of the gods what
remains for us to do."
They entered the temple, deformed as it
was with slime, and approached the altar, where no fire burned.
There they fell prostrate on the earth, and prayed the goddess to
inform them how they might retrieve their miserable affairs.
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³Üƪµµ ¾Æµé Æ®¸®Åæ¿¡°Ô ¼Ò¶ó°íµÕÀ» ºÒ¾î ¹°¿¡°Ô Åð°¢À» ¸íÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹°Àº º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿´°í, ¹Ù´Ù´Â ÇØ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°í ³»´Â ÇÏ»óÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù.
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°¡Á³´Ù¸é, ±×¸®°í, ±×°¡ óÀ½ ¸¸µéÀº °Íó·³ Àηù¸¦
µÇ»ì¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾ó¸¶³ª ÁÁÀ»±î. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â
±×·¯ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ï, Àú±â ÀÖ´Â ½ÅÀü¿¡ °¡¼ ½Åµé¿¡°Ô ÀåÂ÷ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÁÁÀ»Áö ¹°¾î º¸±â·Î ÇսôÙ.¡±
±×µéÀº ½ÅÀüÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡º¸´Ï, ±× ½ÅÀüÀº ÁøÈëµé·Î ÇØ¼
ÈäÇØÁ® ÀÖ¾ú°í, Á¦´Ü¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇØ º¸´Ï °Å±â¿¡´Â ¼ºÈµµ Ÿ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¶¥¿¡ ¾þµå·Á¼ Å׹̽º ¿©½Å¿¡°Ô ¾î¶»°Ô Çϸé
±×µéÀÇ ºÒÇàÇÑ »óŸ¦ ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö °¡¸£ÃÄ Áֽʻç°í ±âµµ¸¦
¿Ã·È´Ù.
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The
oracle answered, "Depart from the temple with head veiled and
garments unbound, and cast behind you the bones of your
mother." They heard the words with astonishment.
Pyrrha first broke silence: "We cannot obey; we dare not
profane the remains of our parents." They sought the thickest
shades of the wood, and revolved the oracle in their minds. At
length Deucalion spoke: "Either my sagacity deceives me, or the
command is one we may obey without impiety. The earth is the great
parent of all; the stones are her bones; these we may cast behind
us; and I think this is what the oracle means. At least, it will do
no harm to try." |
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±×·¯ÀÚ ½ÅŹÀÌ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´ë´äÇß´Ù.
¡°¸Ó¸®¿¡ º£ÀÏÀ» ¾²°í ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ°í ÀÌ ½ÅÀüÀ» ¶°³ª¶ó. ±×¸®°í ³ÊÈñ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ »À¸¦ ³ÊÈñ µÚ¿¡ ´øÁ®¶ó.¡±
±×µéÀº ÀÌ ¸»À» µè°í ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Ù. Ƕ¶ó°¡ ¸ÕÀú ħ¹¬À» ±ú¶ß¸®°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°ÀúÈñµéÀº º¹Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÈñµéÀº °¨È÷ ºÎ¸ðÀÇ À¯°ñÀ» ´õ·´Èú ¼ö°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.¡±
±×µéÀº ³ª¹µÀÙÀÌ ¿ì°ÅÁø ±×´Ã ¹ØÀ¸·Î °¡¼ ½ÅŹ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© °õ°õÀÌ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» µ¥¿ìÄ®¸®¿ÂÀÌ ÀÔÀ» ¿¾ú´Ù.
¡°³» ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ ³ª¸¦ ¼ÓÀ̰ųª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±× ¸í·ÉÀº
ºÒ°æÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ º¹Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î. ´ëÁö´Â ¸¸¹°ÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÌ°í µ¹Àº ±× »À¾ß;
¿ì¸®´Â À̰ÍÀ» µÚ¿¡ ´øÁö±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÉ°Å¾ß;
±×¸®°í ³» »ý°¢À¸·Î´Â À̰ÍÀÌ ½ÅŹÀÇ ÀǵµÀÎ °Í °°¾Æ.
Àû¾îµµ ±×·¸°Ô ÇØ º¸¾Æµµ ÇØ´Â ¾øÀ»°Å¾ß.¡± |
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They veiled their faces, unbound their
garments, and picked up stones, and cast them behind them. The
stones (wonderful to relate) began to grow soft, and assume shape.
By degrees, they put on a rude resemblance to the human form, like a
block half finished in the hands of the sculptor. The moisture and
slime that were about them became flesh; the stony part became
bones; the veins remained veins, retaining their name, only changing
their use. Those thrown by the hand of the man became men, and those
by the woman became women. It was a hard race, and well adapted to
labour, as we find ourselves to be at this day, giving plain
indications of our origin.
[see source:
Ovid's Metamorphoses, Book I, Deucalion and Pyrrha, lines 434 - 533]
[see also:
Deucalion's Catyclysm]
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±×µéÀº ¾ó±¼À» º£ÀÏ·Ö °¡¸®°í ¿ÊÀ» ¹þ°í µ¹À» ÁÖ¿ö µÚ·Î ´øÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ µ¹Àº(¾ð±ÞÇϱ⿡
³î¶ó¿óÁö¸¸) ¸»¶û¸»¶ûÇØÁ®¼ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¹µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ Á¶°¢°¡ÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ¹ÝÂë Á¶°¢µÈ µ¹µ¢¾î¸®¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¡Á¡ Àΰ£ÀÇ ÇüÅ¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¸ð¾çÀ» ÃëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. µ¹ÀÇ ÁÖº¯¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ½À±â Âù ÁøÈëÀÌ »ìÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í µ¹ºÎºÐÀº »À°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Áï,
±¤¸Æ(ÎÎØæ-vein)Àº Ç÷°ü(ð¡Øæ-vein)ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ȣĪÀº º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ±× ¿ëµµ´Â º¯ÇÑ ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³²ÀÚÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ´øÁøµ¹Àº ³²ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú°í, ¿©ÀÚÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ´øÁø µ¹Àº ¿©ÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
ÀÌ Á¾Á·Àº ưưÇßÀ¸¸ç ³ëµ¿¿¡µµ Àß ¾î¿ï·ÈÀ¸¸ç, ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ
¿ì¸®µéÀ» º¸°Ç´ë, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±â¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÆòÀÌÇÑ
¾Ï½Ã¸¦ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
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The
comparison of Eve to Pandora is too obvious to have escaped Milton,
who introduces it in Book IV. of "Paradise Lost":
"More lovely than Pandora, whom the gods
Endowed with all their gifts; and O, too like
In sad event, when to the unwiser son
Of Japhet brought by Hermes, she insnared
Mankind with her fair looks, to be avenged
On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire."
Prometheus and Epimetheus were sons of Iapetus, which Milton changes to
Japhet.
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ºüÆ®¸®±â¿¡´Â À̺ê¿Í ÆÇµµ¶óÀÇ ºñ±³´Â ³Ê¹«³ª
¸í¹éÇØ¼, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» "½Ç¶ô¿ø"
Á¦4±Ç¿¡¼ ¼Ò°³Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
ÆÇµµ¶óº¸´Ù ´õ »ç¶û½º·´±¸³ª, ±×³à¿¡°Ô ½ÅµéÀÌ
±×µéÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼±¹°À» ÁÖ°í; ¿À ¿ª½Ã ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ¿´³×
½½Ç »ç°ÇÀ̾úÁö, ¾î¸®¼®Àº ¾ÆµéÀ»
Ç츣¸Þ½º°¡ µ¥¸®°í ¿Â ¾ßÆêÀÇ, ±×³à°¡ À¯È¤ÇÒ ¶§
Àηù¸¦ ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¾ó±¼·Î, º¹¼ö°¡ ³»·ÈÁö
Á¶¿ìºêÀÇ ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ ºÒÀ» ÈÉÄ£ ±×¿¡°Ô.
ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿Í ¿¡ÇǸÞÅ׿콺´Â ÀÌ¾ÆÆäÅ佺ÀÇ ÀÚ½ÄÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¹ÐÅÏÀº ÀÌ¾ÆÆäÅ佺¸¦ ¾ßºªÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²å´Ù.
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Prometheus has been a favourite subject with the poets. He is represented
as the friend of mankind, who interposed in their behalf
when Jove was incensed against them, and who taught them
civilization and the arts. But as, in so doing, he
transgressed the will of Jupiter, he drew down on himself
the anger of the ruler of gods and men. Jupiter had him
chained to a rock on Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed
on his liver, which was renewed as fast as devoured. |

[see also: image: 119K - painting by Elsie Russell]
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ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺´Â ¿¾ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀεéÀÌ Áñ°ÜÇÏ´Â
ÁÖÁ¦¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ÀηùÀÇ ¹þÀ¸·Î,
ÁêÇÇÅͰ¡ Àηù¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ³ëÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ Àηù¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© Áß°£¿¡ °³ÀÔÇϰí, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹®¸í°ú ±â¼úÀ» °¡¸£Ä£ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×´Â
ÁêÇÇÅÍÀÇ ÀÇÁö¿¡ ¹è¹ÝÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î , ½Åµé°ú Àΰ£µéÀÇ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÎ
ÁêÇÇÅÍÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ »ò´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÁêÇÇÅÍ´Â ±×¸¦ Ä«¿ìÄ«¼Ò½º »ê»óÀÌ ¹ÙÀ§¿¡ ¼è»ç½½·Î ¹¾î ³õ¾Ò´Ù. µ¶¼ö¸®°¡ ¿Í¼ ±×ÀÇ
°£À» ÆÄ¸Ô¾ú´Âµ¥, ¸ÔÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ´Ù½Ã »ý°Ü³µ´Ù. |
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This
state of torment might have been brought to an end at any time by
Prometheus, if he had been willing, to submit to his oppressor; for he
possessed a secret which involved the stability of Jove's throne,
and if he would have revealed it, he might have been at once taken
into favour. But that he disdained to do. He has therefore become
the symbol of magnanimous endurance of unmerited suffering, and
strength of will resisting oppression.
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ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °í¹®ÀÇ
»óÅ´ ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³¡ÀÌ ³µÀ» ¼öµµ
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù, ±×°¡ ¸¸¾à ±×ÀÇ ¾ÐÁ¦ÀÚ¿¡°Ô º¹Á¾ÇÏ·Á°í¸¸
ÇßÀ¸¸é; ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÁÒ¿ìºêÀÇ ¿ÕÀ§ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¿¡ °üÇÑ
ºñ¹ÐÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×¸®°í ±×°¡ ±×°ÍÀ»
¾Ë·Á ÁÖ¾ú´õ¶ó¸é, ±×´Â ´çÀå ÃѾָ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ±æ °æ¸êÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ºÎ´çÇÑ ¼ö³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾ûû³ Àγ»¿Í
¾ÐÁ¦¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÀÇÁö·ÂÀÇ »ó¡ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
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Byron
and Shelley
have both treated this theme. The following are Byron's lines:
"Titan! to whose immortal eyes
The sufferings of mortality,
Seen in their sad reality,
Were not as things that gods despise;
What was thy pity's recompense?
A silent suffering, and intense;
The rock, the vulture, and the chain;
All that the proud can feel of pain;
The agony they do not show;
The suffocating sense of woe.
"Thy godlike crime was to be kind;
To render with thy precepts less
The sum of human wretchedness,
And strengthen man with his own mind.
And, baffled as thou wert from high,
Still, in thy patient energy
In the endurance and repulse
Of thine impenetrable spirit,
Which earth and heaven could not convulse,
A mighty lesson we inherit."
(Prometheus, Lord Byron)
Byron also
employs the same allusion, in his "Ode to Napoleon
Bonaparte":
"Or, like the thief of fire from heaven,
Wilt thou withstand the shock?
And share with him - the unforgiven-
His vulture and his rock?"
[Online Textbook: Barry Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 5: Myths of Creation: The Origins of Mortals.
Also see this chapter's Destinations
page.]
[Online Textbook: Morford and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 2: Zeus' Rise to Power: The Creation of Mortals. Also see this chapter's Myth Summary and Topic Links.]
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½©¸®
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½Ë±ÍÀÌ´Ù:
"ŸÀÌźÀÌ¿©,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ºÒ¸êÀÇ ´«¿¡
Àΰ£ÀÇ ±«·Î¿òµéÀÌ,
±×µéÀÇ ½½Ç Çö½Ç ¼Ó¿¡ º¸À̳ª´Ï,
½ÅµéÀÌ °æ¸êÇÏ´Â »ç¹°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é;
¹«¾ùÀÌ ±×´ëÀÇ °¡¿²À½ÀÇ º¸»óÀϱî?
Á¶¿ëÇÑ ±«·Î¿ò, ±×¸®°í °·ÄÇÑ;
±× ¹ÙÀ§, ±× µ¶¼ö¸®, ±×¸®°í ±× »ç½½ ;
¾Æ¹«¸® ÀÚ¶û½º·¯¿öµµ ¾ÆÇÄÀ» ´À³¢¸®¶ó;
±×µéÀº °íÅëÀ» µå·¯³»Áö ¾ÊÀ¸´Ï;
¼û¸·È÷´Â ÀúÁÖÀÇ ´À³¦À».
´ç½ÅÀÇ ½Å°°Àº ¹üÁ˴ ģÀýÇÏ¿´¼Ò;
´ç½ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ÁÙ¿© ÁÖ¾úÀ¸´Ï,
Àΰ£ÀÇ ºñÂüÇÔÀÇ ¾çÀ»,
±×¸®°í »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» ´Ü·Ã½ÃÄ×´Ù¿À.
±×¸®°í, ´ç½ÅÀº ³ôÀº µ¥¼ ¿ÔÁö¸¸ ¾Ö¸¦ ½è´Ù¿À
¾ÆÁ÷µµ, ´ç½ÅÀÇ Âü¾Æ³»´Â Èû¿¡¼
±×¸®°í Àγ»¿Í ´ëÇ׿¡¼,
´ç½ÅÀÇ ¹«³Ê¶ß¸± ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î,
±×°ÍÀº ¶¥°ú ÇÏ´ÃÀÌ Èçµé¸®°Ô ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Ï,
¿ì¸®´Â À§´ëÇÑ ±³ÈÆÀ» ÀÌ¾î ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¿À.
(ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺,
¹ÙÀÌ·±)
¹ÙÀÌ·±Àº
¶ÇÇÑ, ±×ÀÇ "³ªÆú·¹¿Ë º¸³ªÆÄ¸£Æ®¿¡ ¹ÙÄ¡´Â
³ë·¡"¿¡¼, °°Àº ÀÎÀ¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù:
¾Æ´Ï,
Çϴÿ¡¼ ºÒÀ» ÈÉÄ£ µµµÏó·³,
´ç½Åµµ ±×·± Ãæ°ÝÀ» °ßµô ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
±×¸®°í ±×¿Í ÇÔ²² - ¿ë¼¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ ÀÚ -
±×ÀÇ µ¶¼ö¸®¿Í ¹ÙÀ§¸¦ ³ª´ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î??
¡¡
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Back to Chapter I, Part Two
On to Chapter III
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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